Comparative Studies of Photochemical and Electrochemical Methods on Mineralization of Picric Acid

Sanjay Vishwasrao Ingale; Ratanesh Kumar; Pratap B Wagh; K D Joshi

doi:10.14429/dsj.72.16654

Sanjay Vishwasrao Ingale Applied Physics Division and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai- 400 085 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6000-5821
Ratanesh Kumar Applied Physics Division and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai- 400 085 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4433-0701
Pratap B Wagh Applied Physics Division and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai- 400 085 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5088-4025
K D Joshi Applied Physics Division and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai- 400 085 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3675-2602

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14429/dsj.72.16654

Keywords: Effluent, toxic, degradation, photo-catalyst, electrochemical process, photo-Fenton

Abstract

The effluents generated from synthesis and processing plant of Picric acid is reported to be carcinogenic and hence needs to be treated to reduce its concentration below safe discharge limit. Present paper deals with studies on mineralization of Picric acid by adopting photochemical and electrochemical processes and the efficacy of the both processes have been explored in details. Crucial process parameters viz. pH, concentration of oxidizer and catalyst for mineralization of Picric acid are optimized. In photochemical method, It is observed that Picric acid is treated to bring down its concentration from 100 ppm to ≤ 1 ppm under Photo-Fenton process in 2 hrs whereas same treatment carried out under Photo- catalytic process takes only 1 hr. It is also observed that TiO₂ xerogel and beads of nano-TiO₂ are more efficient compared to that of commercially available TiO₂. The TiO₂–Polysulfone (PS) beads show less efficiency than TiO₂ xerogel. However, the Picric acid oxidation efficiency for TiO₂–PS beads is comparable and advantage of TiO₂–PS beads is that it can easily be recovered from the treated solution and can be reused in the next experiments. Electrochemical process is user’s friendly and economical. In case of electrochemical treatments at optimized process parameters under Electro-Fenton reaction picric acid is completely mineralized below its drain discharge limit where as under Electro-peroxide reaction picric acid is mineralized upto 3 ppm within 3 hrs. The treated solution has been characterized by using UV-Visible spectrophotometer, High performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) Analyzer. The observed results have been interpreted and reported in the present paper.