Constitutive Equations for Microstructural Features Developed During Solid Particle Erosion of 52100 Steel
Abstract
Solid particle erosion of the 52100 bearing steel induced the normal growth of the tempered lath martensite, the low angle boundaries and the recovery islets. Microstructural features were revealed using the electron microscopy. Constitutive equations for the normal growth of the tempered lath martensite, energies of the low angle boundaries, and size of the recovery islets have been derived. The normal growth rate of the tempered lath martensite has been derived from the oriented mobility of the boundary in crystallite-stress fields, the driving force from the boundary energy and the pinning force from the uniformly distributed precipitates. Read-Shockley equation has been redefined using the dislocation density term as the misorientation of the boundary. An advanced Read-Shockley equation has been used for predicting the size of the recovery islets (0.12 mm to 0.27 mm) from the local energy equilibrium of the recovered tempered lath martensite, and validated by the TEM bright field microscopic study.
References
Mukhopadhyay, P.; Srinivas, M. & Roy, M. Microstructural developments during erosion of tribological steels. Mat. Char., 2016, 113, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2016.01.008
Chen, Q. & Li, D. Y. Computer simulation of solid particle erosion. Wear, 2003, 254 (3-4), 203-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1648(03)00006-1
Feuerstein, A. & Kleyman, A. Ti-N multilayer systems for compressor airfoil sand erosion protection. Surf. Coat. Technol., 2009, 204(6-7), 1092-1096. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.09.053
De Morton, M.E. Erosion in rocket motor nozzles. Wear, 1977, 41(2), 223-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(77)90003-5
McI Clark, H. & Llewellyn, R.J. Assessment of erosion resistance of steels used for slurry handling and transport in mineral processing applications. Wear, 2001, 250(1-12) 32-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1648(01)00628-7
Gnanavelu, A.; Kapur, N.; Neville, A. & Flores, J.F. An integrated methodology for predicting material wear rates due to erosion, Wear, 2009, 267(11), 1935-1944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2009.05.001
Ram Mohan, CH.V.; Ramanathan, J.; Kumar, S. & Gupta, A.V.S.S.K.S. Characterisation of materials used in flex bearings of large solid rocket motors. Def. Sci. J., 2011, 61(3), 264-269. https://doi.org/10.14429/dsj.61.52
Burke, J.E. & Turnbull, D. Recrystallization and grain growth. Prog. Metal Phys., 1952, 3, 220-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/0502-8205(52)90009-9
Huang, Y. & Humphreys, F.J. Measurements of grain boundary mobility during recrystallization of a single-phase aluminium alloy. Acta. Mater. 1999, 47(7), 2259-2268. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00062-2
Mukhopadhyay, P.; Leock M. & Gottstein G. A cellular operator model for simulation of static recrsytallization. Acta Mater., 2007, 55(2), 551-564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2006.08.045
Raabe, D. & Hantcherli, L. 2D cellular automaton simulation of the recrystallization texture of an IF sheet steel under consideration of Zener pinning. 2005, 34(4), 299-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2004.12.067
Dieter G. Mechanical metallurgy. SI Metric, McGraw-Hill, London, 1988, p. 141.
Hull, D. & Bacon, D.J. Introduction to dislocations. 5th Ed., Elsevier, London, 2011, 163p. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-096672-4.00002-5
Winning, M. Grain growth under influence of mechanical stresses. Z. Metallkd. 2005, 96(5), 465-467. https://doi.org/10.3139/146.018137
Mukhopadhyay, P.; Kannaki, P.S.; Srinivas, M. & Roy, M. Microstructural developments during abrasion of M50 bearing steel. Wear, 2014, 315(1-2), 31-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2014.03.010
Where otherwise noted, the Articles on this site are licensed under Creative Commons License: CC Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 2.5 India