Immediate Loading Dental Implants Can Resonance Frequency Analysis or Micro Roughness be Guidance

A Prospective Study

Abstract

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of different surface preparations and macro design on the stability of implants through resonance frequency analysis and insertion torque. 4 commercially available dental implants were compared for in-vitro and in-vivo application. In vitro application, surface roughness was assessed with surface stylus profilometry. As an in-vivo application, 49 dental implants spread over different systems were placed in equivalent number of patients and rehabilitated for missing permanent mandibular first molar using implants dimensions of approximately 4 mm diameter and 10mm length. Insertion Torque (IT) and Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA) values during implant placement were recorded for each case. Stability values using RFA were re-assessed at 1- and 12-months follow-up. Surface roughness of dental implants ranged for 0.46 µm to 4.38 µm for each system. Both the ISQ and insertion torque varied significantly with the variation in surface texture and macro design. Despite variations in surface roughness, IT and ISQ values, all implant systems showed successful immediate loading and good clinical performance. Considering the variation in surface values depending on instrument used, it is necessary to conduct comparative studies between different surface assessment instruments to quantify this difference. Further, more studies with larger sample size should be conducted to further substantiate the obtained results.