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 | Assessing Delayed Neurotoxicity in Rodents after Nerve Gas Exposure
Author : Husain, K.;Pant, S.C. ;Vijayaraghavan, R.;Singh, Ram
Source : Defence Science Journal ; Vol:44(2) ; 1994 ; pp 161-164
Subject : 57.089 Biomedical Sciences
Keywords : Organophosphorus nerve gas;Sarin;Organophosphorous compounds ;Ataxia;Axonal degeneration;Neurotoxicity
Abstract : "Delayed neurotoxicity of an organophosphorus nerve gas Sarin (a chemical warfare agent) following repeated inhalation exposure in rats and mice, was studied by behavioural, biochemical and histopathological analyses. Rats exposed to Sarin aerosols (12.5 mg/m/sup 3/ for 20 min) daily for ten days did not exhibit any clinical sign of delayed neurotoxicity. Neurotoxic esterase (NTE) activity in the brain, spinal cord and platelets was significantly inhibited, but the inhibition was below the threshold. Histopathological examination of spinal cord did not show any axonal degeneration. Mice exposed to Sarin aerosols (5 mg/m/sup 3/ for 20 min) daily for ten days developed mild ataxia and muscular weakness of the hind limb on 14th day after the start of exposure. NTE activity was significantly inhibited in brain, spinal cord and platelets. Histopathology of spinal cord showed focal axonal degeneration. Acetyl-choline esterase activity in the platelets of both the animals was significantly inhibited. We conclude that mice are sensitive to delayed neurotoxicity induced by repeated exposure to sarin whereas rats are insensitive. " |
| | Sarin Assay using Acetylcholinesterases and Electrochemical Sensor Strip
Author : Pohanka, Miroslav;Binder, Jiri;Kuca, Kamil
Source : Defence Science Journal ; Vol:59(3) ; 2009 ; pp 300-304
Subject : 54 Chemistry;681.586 Sensors
Keywords : Sarin;Biosensor;Detection;Organophosphate;AChE;Amperometric;Nerve agent
Abstract : An electrochemical sensor strip was used for sarin assay. Three different acetylcholinesterases (AChEs) were chosen as promising recognition elements. viz., human recombinant, electric eel, and bovine erythrocytes origin. Human recombinant AChE seems to be the most sensitive to inhibition by sarin when the achieved limit of detection (0.45×10-8 mol/l) and IC50 [(9.77± 8.08)×10-6 mol/l] are considered. On the contrary, AChE from bovine erythrocytes proved to reach highest IC50 (5.37± 4.52)×10-7 mol/l and the one from electric eel reached the highest limit of detection 0.93×10-8 mol/l. From the AChEs tested as biorecognition element, human recombinant seems to be the best for construction of new ChE detectors. |
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